Training in Adult Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia, 1998-2005; MA and "ABD" in Clinical Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 1984-1992; MA in Phenomenological Psychology, Duquesne University, Pgh, PA, 1982-1983; MA in Continental Philosophy, Duquesne University, 1980-1982; BSc First Class Honours, Philosophy of Science, The City University, London, UK 1977-1980